First cut of a variant oriented homepage
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* xref:index.adoc[starting page]
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* xref:index.adoc[Fedora User Documentation]
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** xref:getting-started.adoc[Getting started]
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*** xref:fedora-downloads-info.adoc[Fedora Downloads]
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*** xref:preparing-boot-media.adoc[Preparing Boot Media]
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*** xref:getting-help.adoc[Getting Help]
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** xref:system-upgrade.adoc[System upgrade]
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** Release Notes Fedora 35
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** Previous release notes
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** A newbee's primer
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73
modules/ROOT/pages/fedora-downloads-info.adoc
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73
modules/ROOT/pages/fedora-downloads-info.adoc
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= Fedora Downloads
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[IMPORTANT]
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||||
====
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This is an *internal demo* and preview of the proposed changes to the Fedora user documentation. It is a *first draft* and part of a proof of concept. It is *neither valid information nor final content*. The intent is to outline the _structure_ of the documentation as a whole and the _intended message_ of this section.
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====
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.Fedora Editions
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Fedora provides three primary Editions tailored for some specific use cases. link:++https://getfedora.org++[] offers Fedora Cloud for scalable infrastructure, Fedora Server for organizational infrastructure, and Fedora Workstation for the developer and desktop user.
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For alternative desktop environments or media built for more niche purposes, check out link:++https://spins.fedoraproject.org++[Fedora Spins].
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Each of these downloads provides a different set of default packages, but you can add to your system after the initial installation to customize it for your needs. The installation process is the same for all spins and Editions, so you can use this guide for any choice you make.
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.Which Architecture Is My Computer?
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Most modern systems are 64{nbsp}bit x86 architecture. If your computer was manufactured after 2007, or you aren't sure, you probably have a `x86_64` system.
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Changing a Fedora installation from one architecture to another is not supported. Use the following table to determine the architecture of your computer according to the type of processor. Consult your manufacturer's documentation for details on your processor, or resources such as link:++https://ark.intel.com/++[] or link:++https://products.amd.com/++[], if necessary.
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[[List-Processor_and_Architecture_Types]]
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.Processor and architecture types
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[options="header"]
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|===
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|Processor manufacturer and model|Architecture type for Fedora
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|some Intel Atom, Core series, Pentium 4, and recent vintage Xeon; AMD Athlon, Duron, some Semprons; and older; VIA C3, C7|`i386`
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|some Intel Atom, Core 2 series, Core i series and Xeon;
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AMD: Athlon 64, Athlon II, Sempron64, Phenom series, Fusion series, Bulldozer series and Opteron; Apple MacBook, MacBook Pro, and MacBook Air|`x86_64`
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|Some newer Arm SBCs, SBSA and SystemReady Arm based machines|`aarch64`
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|Some older 32-bit Arm SBCs|`armhfp`
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|===
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.Media Types
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Several media types are available. Choose the one that best suits your requirements.
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Live Image:: Live images allow you to preview Fedora before installing it. Instead of booting directly into the installer, a live image loads the same environment you'll get after installation. Fedora Workstation and Fedora Spins are live images.
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+
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Use a live image to install your favorite system, test Fedora on new hardware, troubleshoot, or share with friends.
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DVD Image:: DVD images boot directly into the installation environment, and allow you to choose from a variety of packages that are provided with it. In Fedora 21, the DVD option is only available in the *Fedora Server* Edition.
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+
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Use the Fedora Server DVD image when you want customized Fedora Server installations using an offline installation source.
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netinstall Image:: The netinstall image boots directly into the installation environment, and uses the online Fedora package repositories as the installation source. With a netinstall image, you can install any Fedora Edition or select a wide variety of packages to create a customized installation of Fedora.
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+
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Compared to Fedora Workstation DVD image with Fedora Workstation installation: the netinstall images do not hide the GRUB2 menu.
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+
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The link:++https://alt.fedoraproject.org++[netinstall images] have different default settings:
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+
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* Fedora Server:
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** presets Fedora Server Edition
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** LVM with XFS file system configuration
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** server firewall configuration
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** 15 GiB hard disk space assigned to /; remaining free space left as unpartitioned LVM space
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* Everything:
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** presets Fedora Custom Operating System
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** BTRFS file system configuration
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** client firewall configuration
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** hard disk space assignment does not leave unpartitioned free space
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ARM images:: For many ARM systems, Fedora provides preconfigured filesystem images. Write the image to removable media and boot directly into a Fedora installation that's ready to use.
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+
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ARM devices often require special setup procedures that aren't covered in this guide. Start learning about Fedora ARM at link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Architectures/ARM++[]
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Cloud Images:: Fedora Cloud images are preconfigured filesystem images with very few packages installed by default. They include special tools for interacting with cloud platforms, and are not intended to be used outside of cloud environments.
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+
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Fedora Cloud comes in several varieties. The Fedora Cloud Base image is a minimal base for cloud deployments. The Fedora Cloud Atomic image is a Docker container host that uses link:++https://www.projectatomic.io/++[Project Atomic] technology for updates. A Docker base image for Fedora is also available.
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+
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Cloud images are preconfigured and do not require installation as described in this guide. Get started using Fedora Cloud at link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Cloud++[]
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Boot Images:: The tiny images at link:++https://boot.fedoraproject.org/++[] are written to CDs, USB drives, or even floppy disks. The BFO image loads installation media from Fedora's servers and directly loads an installation environment, like the netinstall ISO.
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+
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BFO images work like PXE deployments, without having to set up a server.
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32
modules/ROOT/pages/getting-help.adoc
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modules/ROOT/pages/getting-help.adoc
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= Getting help
|
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[IMPORTANT]
|
||||
====
|
||||
This is an *internal demo* and preview of the proposed changes to the Fedora user documentation. It is a *first draft* and part of a proof of concept. It is *neither valid information nor final content*. The intent is to outline the _structure_ of the documentation as a whole and the _intended message_ of this section.
|
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====
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This chapter offers some pointers on how to get help when something goes wrong. It also discusses some common installation problems and their solutions.
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[[sect-troubleshooting-getting-help]]
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== Getting Help
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There are many places on the internet which can help you when you encounter a problem not described in this chapter: discussion boards, blogs, IRC, and more. Some of the more popular places where you can find help include:
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* link:++https://ask.fedoraproject.org/en/questions/++[Ask Fedora] - Fedora's knowledge base, available in multiple languages
|
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|
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* The #fedora IRC channel on link:++https://libera.chat/++[Libera.Chat] - one of the main IRC channels used by Fedora users, English only
|
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|
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* link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/++[Fedora Project Wiki] - the official wiki for Fedora Project
|
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|
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* link:++https://unix.stackexchange.com/++[Stack Exchange] - an English language Q&A board, not specific to Fedora
|
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|
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[NOTE]
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
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The above list is by no means complete - you can find help in many other places as well. Additional information about available resources such as IRC channels and mailing lists is available at link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help++[].
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|
||||
====
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Before you open a new discussion or ask anyone for help on IRC, you should always do some research on your own. If you are encountering an issue, there is usually a good chance that someone else ran into the same problem before you and published a solution somewhere. Opening a discussion about something already explained elsewhere, or asking a common question which has been answered many times before, is not likely to result in a friendly, constructive response.
|
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|
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When you ask for help troubleshooting problems related to the installation, you may be asked to provide log files generated by the installer. The sections below explain which files are generated, what their contents are, and how to transfer them from the installation system.
|
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99
modules/ROOT/pages/getting-started.adoc
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99
modules/ROOT/pages/getting-started.adoc
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|
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= Getting Started
|
||||
|
||||
[IMPORTANT]
|
||||
====
|
||||
This is an *internal demo* and preview of the proposed changes to the Fedora user documentation. It is a *first draft* and part of a proof of concept. It is *neither valid information nor final content*. The intent is to outline the _structure_ of the documentation as a whole and the _intended message_ of this section.
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
[abstract]
|
||||
____
|
||||
This manual explains how to install Fedora on 64-bit AMD, Intel and Arm SystemReady machines. The guide and it's further detailed guides about different variants are intended for users of all levels of experience. However, it describes the installation process and its many options in far greater detail than most users are likely to require. This should help new users to complete the installation process without interruptions. Users my skip section about familiar topics.
|
||||
____
|
||||
|
||||
== Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
This guide covers installation of Fedora, a Linux distribution built on free and open source software. This manual helps you install Fedora on desktops, laptops, and servers. The installation system is easy to use, even if you lack previous knowledge of Linux or computer networks. If you select default options, Fedora provides a complete desktop operating system, including productivity applications, Internet utilities, and desktop tools.
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora is provided in several distribution items tailored for special Purpuses. We call it *Editions* and *spins*. Because of these differences, there is no single installation procedure. Most editions and spins, but not all, use Anaconda, the Fedora installer, but in a way that is quite different in detail.
|
||||
|
||||
Therefore, each edition describes the installation separately . Most spins are based on one of the editions, mostly Fedora Workstation, and use the corresponding installation procedure.
|
||||
|
||||
Nevertheless, there are some preparatory steps that are almost the same for all variants, e.g. you need to prepare an installation media.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
== Fedora Variants and how to install
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Workstation Edition::
|
||||
This variant is installed by using a Live CD
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Server Edition::
|
||||
This variant provides a flexible and highly adaptable Server, suitable to provide a wide range of services.
|
||||
+
|
||||
The project provides a dedicated http://url[installation guide] and documentation about usage and administration.
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora IoT Edition::
|
||||
This variant implements a server for the 'Internet of Things' or 'edge computing'
|
||||
+
|
||||
The project provides a dedicated http://url[installation guide] and documentation about usage and administration.
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora CoreOS::
|
||||
A minimal, container-focused operating system, designed for clusters but also operable standalone. The project provides a dedicated http://url[installation guide]
|
||||
+
|
||||
Softeare download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Silverblue::
|
||||
An immutable desktop variant of Fedora Workstation Edition and an excellent platform for container-focused workflows. The project provides a dedicated http://url[installation guide]
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Kinoite::
|
||||
An immutable desktop variant of Fedora Workstation Edition and an excellent platform for container-focused workflows. The project provides a dedicated http://url[installation guide]
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora Cloud (upcomming edition)::
|
||||
As the name indicates focuses on Fedora on cloud networks. Installation and usage follows the respective cloud systems.
|
||||
+
|
||||
Software download at https://...
|
||||
|
||||
Additional Fedora Variants::
|
||||
The page https://...[text] lists a lot of additional variants. Most of them are variants of the Werkstation Edition, providing an alternativ desktops GUI. Installation and usage follows the Workstation Edition so you can use it's documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
According to different usage und purposes the variation not only differ in their installation process, they differ in administration and usage. To learn how to use an installed Fedora system, see the manuals available at the specific variant documentation pages.
|
||||
|
||||
Regarding installatio, be especially prepared for the fact that each variant requires additional post-installation processes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
== General preparations
|
||||
Despite all the differentiation, some things are the same for all variants.
|
||||
|
||||
=== Download the software deliverables
|
||||
|
||||
TBD:
|
||||
|
||||
* The differentiation according to tasks and areas of application corresponds to a differentiation of the download options.
|
||||
* There is not one Download source but many according the the variants.
|
||||
|
||||
To find out more about Fedora download options, see xref:downloading-fedora.adoc[Downloading Fedora].
|
||||
|
||||
Visit the link:++https://getfedora.org/++[Fedora Project downloads site] to download a distribution file.
|
||||
|
||||
=== Prepare boot media
|
||||
TBD: If install on hardware, the download must be transferred to a bootable medium.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
== Getting Additional Help
|
||||
|
||||
If you encounter any problems which are not described in documentation, you might get help from members of the community - developers, users, and others. There are many ways to get help: the Ask Fedora website, mailing lists, forums, or IRC.
|
||||
|
||||
The discussion forum https://ask.fedoryproject.org[askfedora] is the recommended way to start with. See xref:getting-help.adoc[Getting help] for detailed information.
|
||||
The discussion forum https://ask.fedoryproject.org[askfedora] is the recommended way to start with. See xref:getting-help.adoc[Getting help] for detailed information.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,19 +1,84 @@
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= Fedora Rawhide User Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora documentation describes how to install and use the Fedora operating system and the software packaged by the Fedora Project.
|
||||
|
||||
This section contains three books about Fedora Rawhide:
|
||||
|
||||
* xref:rawhide@fedora:release-notes:index.adoc[Fedora Rawhide Release Notes]
|
||||
* xref:rawhide@fedora:install-guide:index.adoc[Fedora Rawhide Installation Guide]
|
||||
* xref:rawhide@fedora:system-administrators-guide:index.adoc[Fedora Rawhide System Administrator’s Guide]
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora Documentation Project only actively maintains documentation for the most recent release and the one before it.
|
||||
We also preserve older documentation on this site for historical interest and to acknowledge the generous contribution of time and effort by many, many writers and translators.
|
||||
In 1997, Richard Stallman wrote:
|
||||
= Fedora Linux User Documentation
|
||||
|
||||
[abstract]
|
||||
____
|
||||
"The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the software — it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in these systems.”footnote:[Free Software and Free Manuals, available from link:http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html[]]
|
||||
Fedora documentation provides extensiv information how to install and use the Fedora operating system and the software packaged by the Fedora Project. Fedora is a large project. Therefore, the focus here is on basic explanation and references to detailed documentation of the various subprojects. A special focus is on making it easier for new users to get started.
|
||||
____
|
||||
|
||||
Free Software has produced outstanding technical achievements and solutions over the past decades. Just one example is the Apache server, which is used today by the vast majority of websites and provides the entire Internet with information. This quickly overshadows a fact that Richard Stallman emphasized as early as 1997:
|
||||
|
||||
_"The biggest deficiency in free operating systems is not in the software — it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in these systems.”footnote:[Free Software and Free Manuals, available from link:http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-doc.html[]]_
|
||||
|
||||
It is this spirit that inspires the Fedora documentation team to do the often tough and time-consuming work on our documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
You'll find here a bunch of information:
|
||||
|
||||
xref:getting-started.adoc[Getting started]::
|
||||
*First time with Fedory Linx?* New users find here extensiv information to get Fedora up and running
|
||||
xref:system-upgrade.adoc[System upgrade]::
|
||||
*You already have a Fedora Linux edtion or spin up and running?* You don't need to reinstall your system to get the new release. In fact, that's definitely not the recommended way. Fedora has put a lot of work into making an in-place update reliable and fully automated.
|
||||
Fedora 35 release notes::
|
||||
Contains extensive information about new and modified features of the current release. Users are advised to skim this information to check, if the may affected by one of the changes or are now able to resolve an issue with a new feature
|
||||
Previous release notes::
|
||||
Fedora supports the current und the previous release. As a reference here a quick link to the previous release notes.
|
||||
+
|
||||
In the top bar you can select older release notes. You can also access https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/26/html/Release_Notes/index.html[even older release notes]
|
||||
A newbee’s primer::
|
||||
Are you new to Linux? Here we provide some facts, vocabulary and links for a https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/getting-started-guide/[first orientation].
|
||||
+
|
||||
[NOTE]
|
||||
====
|
||||
Editors note: TBD restructure / rename / relocate Quick Doc article
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
== Getting help
|
||||
[abstract]
|
||||
--
|
||||
* Link to ask.fp.o
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
== Join the community
|
||||
|
||||
[abstract]
|
||||
--
|
||||
* Link to discussion
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
== How to help us and give you back a better working Fedora
|
||||
[abstract]
|
||||
--
|
||||
* Provide feedback
|
||||
* Tell us about your usage
|
||||
--
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora Documentation Project only actively maintains documentation for the most recent release and the one before it. We also preserve older documentation on this site for historical interest and to acknowledge the generous contribution of time and effort by many, many writers and translators.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
=== Please, help us to improve the documentation
|
||||
We are always working to update and further improve this documentation. To do this, we rely on feedback. If you find errors, miss or don't clearly understand a specific information, or have suggestions for improvement, open an issue at our https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/install-guide/issues[documentation repository].
|
||||
|
||||
In the issue:
|
||||
|
||||
. Provide a short summary of the error or your suggestion in the `Issue Title` field.
|
||||
|
||||
. Copy the following template into the `Comment` field and give us the details of the error or suggestion as specifically as you can. If possible, include some surrounding text so we know where the error occurs or the suggestion fits.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
Document URL:
|
||||
|
||||
Section name:
|
||||
|
||||
Error or suggestion:
|
||||
|
||||
Additional information:
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Click the btn:[Create Issue] button.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
We thank everybody who worked hard to correct that deficiency for previous versions of Fedora.
|
||||
We thank everybody who worked hard to correct that deficiency for previous versions of Fedora.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
293
modules/ROOT/pages/preparing-boot-media.adoc
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293
modules/ROOT/pages/preparing-boot-media.adoc
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= Preparing Boot Media
|
||||
|
||||
[IMPORTANT]
|
||||
____
|
||||
This is an *internal demo* and preview of the proposed changes to the Fedora user documentation. It is a *first draft* and part of a proof of concept. It is *neither valid information nor final content*. The intent is to outline the _structure_ of the documentation as a whole and the _intended message_ of this section.
|
||||
____
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora images are `Hybrid ISOs` and can be used to create installation media with both optical and USB disks, for booting on both BIOS and UEFI systems.
|
||||
|
||||
== Fedora Media Writer
|
||||
|
||||
[application]*Fedora Media Writer* has been significantly improved and is now the official, tested and supported way to make bootable media. [application]*Fedora Media Writer* supports Linux, macOS, and Windows. It is an easy way to make
|
||||
bootable USB media to install Fedora (or other operating systems). Using [application]*Fedora Media Writer* is strongly encouraged, although other USB media creation software can work as well.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the new additions to [application]*Fedora Media Writer* are that Fedora Workstation and Server are easily and quickly accessible from the selection on the main screen. Further choices are available if you select the button below _Custom image_. This offers a selection of various Fedora Spins, such as Xfce or Mate.
|
||||
|
||||
Historically, universal USB creation tools, such as [application]*Unetbootin*, are a popular way to create USB installers from ISOs intended for optical media. They typically create a filesystem on the USB drive by extracting files from the image, and writing [application]*syslinux* bootloader to the device.
|
||||
|
||||
These methods circumvent the boot-loader configuration built into Fedora images, which are pre-partitioned and designed to boot on UEFI systems with SecureBoot enabled as well as BIOS systems, and thus they do not produce consistent results with Fedora images, especially on UEFI systems.
|
||||
|
||||
The best results are produced by utilities that use a direct write method and do not modify the Fedora image.
|
||||
|
||||
[WARNING]
|
||||
====
|
||||
Always think twice before writing an image to the device. The media creation methods described in this article are destructive.
|
||||
All data on the USB stick are deleted during the process, so make sure you have a back up of the data on the USB stick. Double check that you have selected correct device to write the image to!
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
=== Installing and running Fedora Media Writer
|
||||
|
||||
==== On Fedora
|
||||
|
||||
On Fedora 25 or later, [application]*Fedora Media Writer* is available in the default repository. You can use `dnf` to install the
|
||||
package.
|
||||
|
||||
. To install the [application]*Fedora Media Writer* using:
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ [command]#sudo dnf install mediawriter#
|
||||
----
|
||||
+
|
||||
. Run the [application]*Fedora Media Writer*:
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ [command]#mediawriter#
|
||||
----
|
||||
+
|
||||
or in [application]*Gnome 3* select *Activities* and then click on [application]*Fedora Media Writer*.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==== On other Linux distributions
|
||||
|
||||
The best way to install [application]*Fedora Media Writer* on various Linux distributions is to use the pre-built _Flatpak_ package.
|
||||
The package can be obtained from the official Flatpak repository https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.fedoraproject.MediaWriter[Flathub.org].
|
||||
|
||||
. To setup *Flatpak* on your Linux system, follow the guidelines on the https://flatpak.org/setup/[Flatpak documentation] page.
|
||||
|
||||
. Run the application:
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ [command]#sudo mediawriter#
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== On Windows
|
||||
|
||||
. Download the latest Windows Installer file from link:++https://getfedora.org++[GetFedora.org]. The server automatically detects the running system and offers you the correct installation file for your Windows version.
|
||||
|
||||
. Run the installation by double clicking the installer, and then continue through the set-up wizard. The Wizard lets you customize the software's installation if you choose to.
|
||||
|
||||
. Run the application by clicking on a launcher.
|
||||
+
|
||||
In Windows 8 and 10, the [application]*Fedora Media Writer* launcher will be placed in the _All apps_ menu under _F_. In Windows 10, you can just type [application]*Fedora Media Writer* in the search box on the task bar.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
==== On macOS
|
||||
|
||||
. Download the latest Macintosh Disk Image (the package will have a .dmg extension) from link:++https://getfedora.org++[GetFedora.org]. The server automatically detects the running system and offers a correct package for your macOS.
|
||||
|
||||
. Open the `.dmg` file, and press and hold the kbd:[Ctrl] key while clicking on the [application]*Fedora Media Writer* application.
|
||||
|
||||
. Press "`Open`" in the pop-up menu.
|
||||
|
||||
. Click the "`Open`" button in the confirmation dialog, if it appears.
|
||||
|
||||
=== Writing the ISO image to the USB Media.
|
||||
. Select the Fedora Edition you wish to make a bootable USB drive for.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[[figu-fedora_media_writer_choose_flavor_linux]]
|
||||
.Fedora Media Writer Main Screen: Choose your Edition of Fedora
|
||||
+
|
||||
image::fedora_media_writer/main_screen.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer Main Screen]
|
||||
+
|
||||
The main selection lets you choose one of the default Fedora editions, Fedora *Workstation* or *Server*. [application]*Fedora Media Writer* displays more details about the edition before you can proceed with downloading the image and the USB creation. You can choose a different architecture, if you select _Other variants_.
|
||||
|
||||
. Select "`Create Live USB`" to proceed.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[[figu-fedora_media_writer_distro_information_fedora]]
|
||||
.Fedora Media Writer Distro Information
|
||||
+
|
||||
image::fedora_media_writer/distro_information.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer Distro Information Screen]
|
||||
+
|
||||
Fedora Media Writer will automatically download the ISO for you. If you have downloaded the ISO before and placed it in the _Downloads_ directory, it will be immediately available to use.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[[figu-fedora_media_writer_Automatic_download_fedora]]
|
||||
.Fedora Media Writer Automatic Download
|
||||
+
|
||||
image::fedora_media_writer/automatic_download.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer Automatic Download]
|
||||
|
||||
. Plug in a USB drive on which you want to create the bootable media.
|
||||
|
||||
. To write the image onto the media, click the red btn:[Write to disk] button.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[[figu-fedora_media_writer_write_to_device_linux]]
|
||||
.Fedora Media Writer Write to USB Device
|
||||
+
|
||||
image::fedora_media_writer/write_to_device.png[Image of Fedora Media Writer write to device red button]
|
||||
|
||||
=== Other methods to create a live USB
|
||||
|
||||
Using the *Fedora Media Writer* is highly recommended for everybody, because it offers a reliable way to create a live USB stick for Fedora installation.
|
||||
|
||||
However, some experienced users may prefer to go through the creation process manually. If you decide to do so, you have to download the installation images and use an application to write them onto the USB stick.
|
||||
|
||||
[NOTE]
|
||||
====
|
||||
If you have downloaded and verified the installation images manually, you still can write them onto the USB stick using *Fedora Media Writer*.
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[[sect-preparing-obtaining-images]]
|
||||
==== Downloading Boot and Installation Images
|
||||
|
||||
The Fedora Project offers different Editions tailored for some specific use cases. Choose the Fedora Edition best for you. You can also build your own by customizing Fedora after it's installed or by using a kickstart file as described in _Creating a Kickstart File_.
|
||||
|
||||
//xref:advanced/Kickstart_Installations.adoc#sect-kickstart-file-create[Creating a Kickstart File].
|
||||
Kickstart installation requires the `netinstall` media type, or a direct installation booting method such as PXE; kickstarts are not supported with live images.
|
||||
|
||||
Read more about Fedora Workstation, Fedora Cloud, Fedora Server and the available media types in _Downloading Fedora_.
|
||||
|
||||
//xref:Downloading_Fedora.adoc#chap-downloading-fedora[Downloading Fedora].
|
||||
|
||||
You can also choose a Fedora _Spin_ featuring favorite alternative desktops or tools for specialized tasks at link:++https://spins.fedoraproject.org++[].
|
||||
|
||||
[[sect-verifying-images]]
|
||||
==== Verifying the Downloaded Image
|
||||
|
||||
Because transmission errors or other problems may corrupt the Fedora image you have downloaded, it is important to verify the file's integrity. After the images are created, an operation is performed on the file that produces a value called a `checksum` using a complex mathematical algorithm. The operation is sufficiently complex that *any change* to the original file will produce a different checksum.
|
||||
|
||||
By calculating the image's `checksum` on your own computer and comparing it to the original `checksum`, you can verify the image has not been tampered with or corrupted. The original checksum values are provided at link:++https://getfedora.org/security/++[], and are [command]#gpg# signed to demonstrate their integrity.
|
||||
|
||||
[[sect-verifying-windows]]
|
||||
==== Verifying checksums on Windows systems
|
||||
|
||||
. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://getfedora.org/++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://getfedora.org/security/++[]
|
||||
|
||||
. Open a [command]#powershell# session.
|
||||
|
||||
. Change to the directory containing the downloaded files.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="macros"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
> cd $HOME\Downloads\
|
||||
> ls
|
||||
|
||||
Directory: C:\Users\Pete\Downloads
|
||||
|
||||
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
|
||||
---- ------------- ------ ----
|
||||
-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 272 Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM
|
||||
-a--- 11/25/2014 12:39 PM 2047868928 Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso
|
||||
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Load the resources required to calculate the checksum.
|
||||
+
|
||||
----
|
||||
> $image = "Fedora-Server-DVD-x86_64-21.iso"
|
||||
> $checksum_file = "Fedora-Server-21-x86_64-CHECKSUM"
|
||||
> $sha256 = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Cryptography.sha256CryptoServiceProvider
|
||||
> $expected_checksum = ((Get-Content $checksum_file | Select-String -Pattern $image) -split " ")[0].ToLower()
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Calculate the downloaded image's checksum. This will take a while!
|
||||
+
|
||||
----
|
||||
> $download_checksum = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($sha256.ComputeHash([System.IO.File]::ReadAllBytes("$PWD\$image"))).ToLower() -replace '-', ''
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Compare the calculated checksum to the expected checksum.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="macros"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
> echo "Download Checksum: $download_checksum"
|
||||
> echo "Expected Checksum: $expected_checksum"
|
||||
> if ( $download_checksum -eq "$expected_checksum" ) {
|
||||
echo "Checksum test passed!"
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
echo "Checksum test failed."
|
||||
}
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[[sect-verifying-nix]]
|
||||
==== Verifying checksums on Linux and macOS systems
|
||||
|
||||
. Download the Fedora image of your choice from link:++https://fedoraproject.org/get-fedora++[] and the corresponding checksum file from link:++https://getfedora.org/security/++[]
|
||||
|
||||
. Open a terminal window, and navigate to the directory with the downloaded files.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ [command]#cd ~/Downloads#
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Use the appropriate utility to verify the image checksum.
|
||||
+
|
||||
** For Linux:
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ sha256sum -c *CHECKSUM
|
||||
----
|
||||
+
|
||||
** For macOS:
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ grep '^SHA256' *-CHECKSUM | awk -F '[()=]' '{ print $4 " " $2 }' | shasum -a 256 -c
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
=== Writing the images to USB media
|
||||
|
||||
==== Creating USB media with [application]*GNOME Disks*
|
||||
. On a system with [application]*GNOME*, or with the [package]*gnome-disk-utility* package installed, open `Disks` using the system menu.
|
||||
|
||||
. Click your USB device in the left column.
|
||||
|
||||
. Click the menu icon in the upper right corner of the window, and choose the `Restore Disk Image` option.
|
||||
|
||||
. Navigate to your image file and click `Start Restoring`. After a few minutes, it will report the process is complete and your installation media will be ready to use.
|
||||
|
||||
==== Creating USB Media on the Linux command line
|
||||
. Open a terminal window and insert the usb drive.
|
||||
|
||||
. Find the `device node` assigned to the drive. In the example below, the drive is given `sdd`.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="quotes, macros, attributes"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
$ [command]#dmesg|tail#
|
||||
[288954.686557] usb 2-1.8: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=1, SerialNumber=2
|
||||
[288954.686559] usb 2-1.8: Product: USB Storage
|
||||
[288954.686562] usb 2-1.8: SerialNumber: 000000009225
|
||||
[288954.712590] usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
|
||||
[288954.712687] scsi host6: usb-storage 2-1.8:1.0
|
||||
[288954.712809] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
|
||||
[288954.716682] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
|
||||
[288955.717140] scsi 6:0:0:0: Direct-Access Generic STORAGE DEVICE 9228 PQ: 0 ANSI: 0
|
||||
[288955.717745] sd 6:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg4 type 0
|
||||
[288961.876382] sd 6:0:0:0: *sdd* Attached SCSI removable disk
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
. Use the [command]#dd# utility to write the image.
|
||||
+
|
||||
[subs="macros"]
|
||||
----
|
||||
# dd if=/path/to/Fedora-Live-Security-x86_64-21.iso of=/dev/sdd
|
||||
----
|
||||
+
|
||||
[WARNING]
|
||||
====
|
||||
Pay extreme attention to the source (`if=`) and target (`of=`) device. The `dd` command destroys all data on the
|
||||
target device. If you made a mistake, you could lose important data.
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
=== Creating a Boot CD or DVD
|
||||
In addition to creating a bootable USB flash drive, you can also use the provided ISO images to create bootable optical media (a CD or DVD). This approach may be necessary when installing Fedora on an older system which cannot boot from USB.
|
||||
|
||||
[NOTE]
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
The exact steps you need to take to burn a bootable CD or DVD from an ISO image will vary depending on what disc burning software you use. This procedure only offers a general overview.
|
||||
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
. Insert a blank CD or DVD into your system's CD or DVD burner.
|
||||
|
||||
. Open your system's burning software - for example, [application]*Brasero* on Fedora systems with [application]*GNOME* desktop environment, or [application]*Nero* on Windows systems. In the software's main menu, find an option which lets you burn an ISO image to a disc. For example, in [application]*Brasero*, this option is `Burn image` in the main menu on the left side of the window.
|
||||
|
||||
. When prompted, select the ISO image of Fedora to be burned, and the CD or DVD burner with a blank disc inside (if you have more than one drive).
|
||||
|
||||
. Confirm your selection, and wait for the disc to be burned.
|
||||
28
modules/ROOT/pages/system-upgrade.adoc
Normal file
28
modules/ROOT/pages/system-upgrade.adoc
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
|
|||
= Upgrading Your Current System
|
||||
|
||||
[IMPORTANT]
|
||||
====
|
||||
This is an *internal demo* and preview of the proposed changes to the Fedora user documentation. It is a *first draft* and part of a proof of concept. It is *neither valid information nor final content*. The intent is to outline the _structure_ of the documentation as a whole and the _intended message_ of this section.
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
This chapter explains how to upgrade your existing Fedora installation to the current release. There are two basic ways to do so:
|
||||
|
||||
Automatic upgrade using [application]*dnf system upgrade*:: The preferred way to upgrade your system is an automatic upgrade using the [application]*dnf system upgrade* utility. For information on performing an automatic upgrade, see link:++https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DNF_system_upgrade++[Fedora Wiki DNF system upgrade].
|
||||
|
||||
Manual Reinstallation:: You can upgrade to the latest version of Fedora manually instead of relying on [application]*dnf system upgrade*. This involves booting the installer as if you were performing a clean installation, letting it detect your existing Fedora system, and overwriting the root partition while preserving data on other partitions and volumes. The same process can also be used to reinstall the system, if you need to. For detailed information, see _Manual System Upgrade or Reinstallation_.
|
||||
|
||||
//xref:sect-upgrading-fedora-manual-reinstall[Manual System Upgrade or Reinstallation].
|
||||
|
||||
[WARNING]
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
Always back up your data before performing an upgrade or reinstalling your system, no matter which method you choose.
|
||||
|
||||
====
|
||||
|
||||
[[sect-upgrading-fedora-manual-reinstall]]
|
||||
== Manual System Upgrade or Reinstallation
|
||||
|
||||
Unfortunately, we have not written this chapter yet, and there is no dedicated documentation about a manual reinstall on the Wiki, either. In the meantime before we fix this, you can try to start the installation normally (from a boot CD/DVD/USB), select manual partitioning in your installer, and reuse existing partitions instead of destroying them and creating new ones. The instructions at _Manual Partitioning_ should in most cases be easy to adapt for this.
|
||||
|
||||
//xref:install/Installing_Using_Anaconda.adoc#sect-installation-gui-manual-partitioning[Manual Partitioning] should in most cases be easy to adapt for this.
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue